Recent Advances in the Classification of Bladder Cancer – Updates from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of the Urinary and Male Genital Tumors

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization Classification (WHO) of Urinary and Male Genital Tumors has recently been updated to its 5th edition. new edition presents a comprehensive approach the classification urinary male genital tumors with an incorporation morphologic, clinical, genomic data. OBJECTIVE: This review aims update bladder cancer in highlight important changes nomenclatures, diagnostic criteria, molecular characterization, as compared 4th METHODS: pathologic WHO Tumours was that PubMed searched using key words, including cancer, 1973, 1998, 2004, 2016, histology, pathology, genomics, time frame from 1973 August 2022. Other relevant papers were also consulted, resulting selection 81 references. RESULTS: binary grading papillary urothelial carcinoma (UC) is practical, but it may be oversimplified contribute “grade migration” recent years. An arbitrary cutoff (5%) proposed for cancers mixed grades. diagnosis neoplasm low malignant potential dramatically reduced years because overlapping morphology treatment low-grade UC. inverted growth pattern should distinguished true (or destructive) stromal invasion Several methods have pT1 tumor substaging, often challenging substage small biopsy specimens. Bladder UC shows high tendency divergent differentiation, leading several distinct histologic subtypes associated aggressive clinical behavior. Molecular based on analysis useful tool stratification patients optimal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: made significant cancer. It aware these incorporate them into routine practice.